Arizona State University (ASU) CSE240 Introduction to Programming Languages Midterm Practice Exam

The correct choice highlights the nature of functional programming, which is characterized by its focus on mathematical functions and the use of expressions to define computations. In functional programming, the fundamental building blocks are functions that take input values and produce output in a clear and predictable manner. This paradigm emphasizes the evaluation of expressions and the creation of more straightforward semantics through immutability and first-class functions.

Functional programming allows for a high level of abstraction, where functions can be composed and reused, enabling developers to express ideas succinctly without concern for the underlying state or changes over time, which can lead to simpler and more maintainable code. By concentrating on the "what" rather than the "how" of computing processes, functional programming helps to avoid side effects and promotes a clearer understanding of the program's flow.

In contrast, the other paradigms each have distinct features that do not prioritize the same level of simplicity and mathematical function emphasis. For instance, imperative programming focuses on detailed instructions and state changes, logic programming relies on defining relationships and rules, while object-oriented programming emphasizes encapsulation and interaction between objects.