Arizona State University (ASU) CSE240 Introduction to Programming Languages Midterm Practice Exam

The four main principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

Encapsulation refers to the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit or class. This restricts direct access to some of the object's components, which helps to protect the integrity of the data and prevents external interference.

Inheritance is the mechanism by which one class can inherit properties and behaviors (methods) from another class, promoting code reuse and establishing a hierarchical relationship between classes. This allows for the creation of specialized classes that can extend or modify the functionality of their parent classes.

Polymorphism enables objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. It allows methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon, providing flexibility and the ability to define common interfaces across different types.

Abstraction is the principle of hiding the complex reality while exposing only the necessary parts. It allows programmers to focus on interactions at a high level without needing to understand all the underlying complexities.

The other choices focus on aspects that are not exclusively linked to object-oriented programming. Functions, variables, loops, and conditions pertain more to procedural programming. Data types, algorithms, structures, and languages