What is a module in programming?

A module in programming is a self-contained unit of code that encapsulates related functions and data. This means that a module is designed to group together logically related components, promoting organization and reusability. By encapsulating specific functionalities and associated data within a module, programmers can create more maintainable and understandable code.

Modules allow developers to break down complex systems into smaller, manageable parts. This modular design approach facilitates collaboration in larger projects, as different team members can work on separate modules without causing conflicts with each other. Moreover, it encourages the reuse of code; once a module is tested and proven to work, it can easily be utilized in other parts of a program or even in different projects altogether.

The focus on encapsulation also enhances data integrity. By restricting direct access to a module's internal components, it minimizes unintended interference from other parts of a program, leading to safer and more reliable code. Overall, modules play a critical role in modern programming practices, emphasizing structure, clarity, and separation of concerns.